The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.